Is it PMDD or PME?

SECTIONS
What is PMDD?

What is PME?

What is the difference?

How do I know which one I have?

Both PMDD and PME are a Premenstrual Disorder (PMD).

Premenstrual disorders (PMDs) encompass a range of conditions characterized by distressing physical and emotional symptoms occurring during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. PMDD and PME are two distinct types of PMDs. While they share common symptoms, their underlying mechanisms and treatment approaches can differ significantly.

What is PMDD?

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) that significantly impacts daily life. PMDD is characterized by intense emotional and physical symptoms that occur in the luteal phase, usually starting about a week or two before menstruation begins and subsiding shortly after the period starts. Common symptoms include:

• Severe mood swings

• Suicidal ideation

• Self-harm

• Irritability, anger, or rage

• Depression or feelings of hopelessness

• Crying spells

• Anxiety or tension

• Decreased interest in usual activities or relationships

• Difficulty concentrating

• Fatigue or low energy

• Changes in appetite or sleep patterns

The symptoms of PMDD are severe enough to interfere with work, school, social activities, and relationships. Diagnosis typically requires tracking symptoms over at least two menstrual cycles to identify the pattern and severity of the symptoms.

What is PME?

Premenstrual Exacerbation (PME) refers to the worsening of symptoms of an existing mental health disorder or chronic condition during the premenstrual phase. Unlike PMDD, PME does not involve symptoms that are exclusive to the luteal phase; rather, it exacerbates the symptoms of another underlying condition, such as:

• Major depressive disorder (MDD)

• Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

• Bipolar disorder

• Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)

• Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

• Migraine

• Asthma

• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Individuals with PME experience a noticeable worsening of their usual symptoms in the days leading up to their period, but these symptoms do not disappear after menstruation begins and are present throughout the menstrual cycle.

What is the Difference Between PMDD and PME?

The key differences between PMDD and PME lie in the nature and timing of symptoms:

• Timing: PMDD symptoms are restricted to the luteal phase and improve within a few days after menstruation begins. PME symptoms, on the other hand, are a worsening of pre-existing conditions that occur premenstrually but are also present during other phases of the menstrual cycle.

• Symptom Source: PMDD involves symptoms that are specifically triggered by hormonal changes in the luteal phase. PME involves the exacerbation of an ongoing condition, influenced by hormonal fluctuations.

How Do I Know Which One I Have?

Determining whether you have PMDD or PME requires careful monitoring and professional evaluation. Here are some steps you can take:

1. Track Your Symptoms: Use a symptom diary or a menstrual cycle tracking app to record your physical and emotional symptoms daily. Note the severity and timing of symptoms in relation to your menstrual cycle.

2. Identify Patterns: Look for patterns in your symptom diary. PMDD symptoms will typically be absent or less severe during the follicular phase (the first part of the cycle after menstruation) and will intensify during the luteal phase. PME symptoms will show a premenstrual worsening but remain present throughout the cycle.

3. Consult a Healthcare Professional: Share your symptom diary with a healthcare provider who can help distinguish between PMDD and PME. They may also screen for other underlying conditions that could be contributing to your symptoms.

4. Consider a Multidisciplinary Approach: Managing PMDD and PME often requires a combination of treatments, including lifestyle changes, medication, and therapy. Your healthcare provider may suggest working with a mental health professional, nutritionist, or gynecologist to develop a comprehensive treatment plan.

Understanding the differences between PMDD and PME is the first step toward effective management. With proper diagnosis and treatment, it is possible to alleviate symptoms and improve overall well-being. If you're struggling with premenstrual symptoms, don't hesitate to reach out and take charge of your menstrual and mental health.